Below are five short easy to memorize Ramadan prayers that I picked from the book of Adhkaar by Imam an-Nawawi. I made sure that I picked only authentic narrations (grade of Hassan and above). Below you find the Arabic, the transliteration, the translation, and some commentary when necessary.
What to say the first time you see the new crescent of Ramadan
اللَّهمَّ أَهلَّهُ علينَا بالأمنِ والإيمانِ والسَّلامةِ والإسلامِ ربِّي وربُّكَ اللَّهُ
Transliteration: Allahumma ahillahu alayna bil-amni wal-iman was-salaamati wal-islam. Rabbi wa rabbuka Allah
Translation: Oh Allah, make it a start full of peace and faith, safety and Islam. My Lord and your Lord is Allah
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Commentary: Notice how this supplication paired peace and faith as if they are twins. In fact, in Arabic, they sound alike (Amn and Emaan) because one is derived from the other. It also paired peace and Islam (Silm and Islam) because again one is derived from the other. In short, the two most important concepts in our religion (Islam and Eman) are both derived from the words that mean peace in Arabic, Amn, and Silm. We ask Allah to make this Ramadan full of peace.

What to say when breaking fast at sunset every day
ذهبالظمأ وابتلت العروق وثبت الأجر إن شاء الله
Transliteration: Dhahaba adh-Dhama’ wabtallatil-urooq wa thabatal-ajr inshaa’Allah
Translation: Thirst is gone, the veins are wet, and the reward is confirmed by the will of God
Commentary: Remember, the time of breaking the fast is one of the times where du’a is likely to be answered. So you can accompany this Prophetic du’a with any other du’a of your making.
What to say if someone tries to insult you while you’re fasting
إني صائمٌ ، إني صائمٌ
Transliteration: Innee saa’im, innee saa’im
Translation: I’m fasting, I’m fasting
Commentary: Imam Nawawi mentions that this either should be said loud so the aggressor can hear and hopefully stop, or it should be said in silence as a self-reminder. But the first opinion is stronger.

close up of men hand pure fresh sugar cane juice in plastic cup for Ramadan iftar buffet with Thai food menu. Food set including palm date, sweet and drink. Peopel waiting time for fast breaking. Top view.
What to say after breaking fast with a group of people
أفطر عندكم الصائمون ، وأكل طعامكم الأبرار ، وصلت عليكم الملائكة
Transliteration: aftara indakum as-saa’imoon, wa akala ta’aamakum al-abraar, wa sallat alaikum al-malaa’ikah
Translation: May the fasting people break fast at your place, and may the pious eat from your food, and may the angels pray for you
What to say if you encounter the Night of al-Qadr
اللَّهمَّإنَّكعفُوٌّ تُحبُّ العفوَ فاعْفُ عنِّي
Transliteration: Allahumma innaka afuwwun tuhibbu al-afwa fa’fu anni
Translation: Oh Allah you are forgiving, and you love forgiveness, so forgive me
Wael
July 8, 2013 at 3:47 PM
Jazak Allah khayr for sharing these, brother Anas. May Allah grant us a successful Ramadan.
Abdussamad
June 2, 2015 at 1:11 AM
Masha Allah may Allah continue to reward you
Dr mahir
June 4, 2015 at 1:56 AM
Masha Allh.. May god bless u!
Anas Hlayhel
June 14, 2015 at 2:25 AM
Ameen and you too
Nur
June 14, 2015 at 2:15 AM
MashaAllah great post. Jazaakallahu khayran for sharing and may this benefit all readers.
Anas Hlayhel
June 14, 2015 at 2:24 AM
Ameen wa iyyakum
elsunus
June 17, 2015 at 5:34 PM
masha Allah may Allah shower his blessing upon u
Khalid
June 21, 2015 at 10:18 AM
Allahu Akbar wa lillah il hamd. My Allah ta’ala bless you. Wa shukran
Naseem
June 29, 2015 at 11:39 PM
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Aly Balagamwala
July 1, 2015 at 2:09 AM
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junaid
March 8, 2016 at 11:38 AM
Masha Allah may Allah continue to reward you. Jazak Allah khayr for sharing these, brother Anas.
BUKHARI
June 15, 2016 at 4:14 AM
may the almighty Allah rewards you and accept our prayers AMEEN
Ayesha Hossain
April 30, 2020 at 11:44 AM
Thanks for sharing these beautiful Ramadan Duas. I hope your Ramadan will be amazing.
Usama
January 5, 2021 at 5:03 AM
Nice that you shared these Ramadan duas. Every time I read them it boosts me spiritually.